-
1 Jacobi, Moritz Hermann von
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 21 September 1801 Potsdam, Germanyd. 27 February 1874 St Petersburg, Russia[br]German scientist who developed one of the first practical electric motors.[br]After studying architecture at Göttingen University, Jacobi turned his attention to physics and chemistry. In 1835 he was appointed a professor of civil engineering at the University of Dorpat (which later assumed the Estonian name of Tartu). Later, moving to St Petersburg, he became a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and commenced research on electricity and its practical applications. In December 1834 Jacobi presented a paper to the Academy of Sciences in Paris in which he stated that he had obtained rotation by electromagnetic methods in May of that year. Tsar Nicholas of Russia gave him a grant to prove that his electric motor had a practical application. Jacobi had a boat constructed that measured 28 ft in length and was propelled by paddles connected to an electric motor of his own design. Powered by Grove cells, it carried about fourteen passengers at a speed of almost 3 mph (5 km/h) on the River Neva. The weight of and possibly the fumes from the batteries contributed to the abandonment of the project. In 1839 Jacobi introduced electrotyping, i.e. the reproduction of forms by electrodeposition, which was one of the first commercial applications of electricity. In 1840 he reported the results of his investigations into the power of the electromagnet as a function of various parameters to the British Association.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember, Imperial Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, 1847.BibliographyJacobi's papers are listed in Catalogue of Scientific Papers, 1868, Vol. III, London: Royal Society, pp. 517–18.1837, Annals of Electricity 1:408–15 and 419–44 (describes his motor).Further ReadingBiography, 1876, Bulletin de l'Académie imperiale des sciences de St Petersburg 21:262–79.E.H.Huntress, 1951, in Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 79: 22–3 (a short biography).B.Bowers, 1982, A History of Electric Light and Power, London.GWBiographical history of technology > Jacobi, Moritz Hermann von
См. также в других словарях:
Semiotic elements and classes of signs — C. S. Peirce articles General: Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography Philosophical: Categories (Peirce) Semiotic elements and classes of signs (Peirce) Pragmatic maxim • Pragmaticism… … Wikipedia
On the Origin of Species — Origin of Species redirects here. For other uses, see Origin of Species (disambiguation). On the Origin of Species … Wikipedia
Semiotic elements and classes of signs (Peirce) — Logician, mathematician, philosopher, and scientist Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) began writing on semeiotic, semiotics, or the theory of sign relations in the 1860s, around the time that he devised his system of three categories. He… … Wikipedia
Journal of the American Chemical Society — Titre abrégé J. Am. Chem. Soc. JACS Discipline … Wikipédia en Français
Settlement of the Americas — … Wikipedia
The Age of Reason — The Age of Reason: Being an Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology , a deistic treatise written by eighteenth century British radical and American revolutionary Thomas Paine, critiques institutionalized religion and challenges the inerrancy… … Wikipedia
The Chemical Record — Titre abrégé Chem. Rec. TCR Discipline Chimie … Wikipédia en Français
Wuzhen pian — The Wuzhen pian (Chinese: 悟真篇; pinyin: Wùzhēn piān; Wade–Giles: Wu chen p ien; literally Folios on Awakening to Reality/Perfection ) is a 1075 CE Daoist classic on Neidan style internal alchemy. Its author Zhang Boduan 張伯端 (987? 1082 CE) was a… … Wikipedia
Sentience Quotient — The Sentience Quotient concept was introduced by Robert A. Freitas Jr. in the late 1970s.Dr. Freitas, Robert A. Jr., [http://www.rfreitas.com/Astro/Xenopsychology.htm Xenopsychology] , Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, Vol. 104, April 1984, pp … Wikipedia
Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography — C. S. Peirce articles General: Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography Philosophical: Categories (Peirce) Semiotic elements and classes of signs (Peirce) Pragmatic maxim • Pragmaticism… … Wikipedia
George Engelmann — auf einer 1860 entstandenen Fotografie. George Engelmann (* 2. Februar 1809 in Frankfurt am Main; † … Deutsch Wikipedia